Encyclopedia
Browse through our collection of fallacies, fake news, and misinformation, to learn how to debunk each. You can get to know more about their backgrounds and focuses with examples from international media.
The articles in this encyclopedia were written by our project participants. We did not police the choice of the topic, or the source media, we simply wanted to show as much variety as possible. That is why there are articles focused on more serious topics, as well as more light-hearted ones. Any disinformation has the potential to be harmful on some scale, even if it is only creating distrust in the society.
![](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Design-ohne-Titel-2-300x169.jpg)
Anti-vaxxers’ propaganda
Online portal Nulta Tačka falsely claims 3,000% death surge in New Zealand amid high vaccination
![heating fire manipulation](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/julian-hochgesang-ihx1LdtnGXw-unsplash-300x200.jpg)
![Vassalage treaty of treason, Fascists](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/iStock-1089423380-300x168.jpg)
Vassalage treaty of treason
Fascists want a death penalty for Czech Minister of Defence
![war balkans manipulation](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/daniel-n9yEuk5HhSM-unsplash-300x200.jpg)
War in the Balkans?
An inappropriate comparison between Kosovo and Ukraine
![racist politician](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/maan-limburg-ARJuswemZzI-unsplash-200x300.jpg)
Racist politician?
Journalistic trick to make a Minister of Education sound racist
![manipulation one-sided storytelling](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/geron-dison-7LVHDns2qWY-unsplash-300x169.jpg)
Stacking the Deck
The author misreports an event using slanted language and one-sided storytelling
![passport airport damaged](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/agus-dietrich-eUjufrdx_bM-unsplash-300x200.jpg)
Chinese man gets stuck in South Korea after son, 4, doodles all over his passport picture
A Chinese Citizen Cannot Travel Back to His Country Due to His Damaged Passport
![gossip celebrities](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/pexels-cottonbro-studio-9790372-300x200.jpg)
The couple of the year
Colombian singer Sebastian Yatra and Spanish „Formentera“ performer Aitana Ocana officially together
![university salary tuition fee humanities](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/98884128_ceb248c2d1_b-300x206.jpg)
No money for humanities
Dear teachers, do not cry about your salary, try tuition fees
![power of language](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/asdf-300x293.jpg)
The power of language
How journalists manipulate people with simple language tricks
![their careers are scams](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/sander-sammy-HvqKdTFLkfw-unsplash-200x300.jpg)
Their careers are scams
How to convince the media that you are famous and then make a career?
![attack police axe fake](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/tyler-lastovich-zwXJVyQXd8w-unsplash-300x225.jpg)
UKRAINIAN ATTACKS POLICE
Fake information about a man attacking the police
![peace at all cost feeds the aggressor](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/tong-su-qNQyabUklfc-unsplash-300x200.jpg)
Peace and Justice
How can call for peace serve defeatism and propaganda of the aggressor
![salmon](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ca-creative-kC9KUtSiflw-unsplash-300x169.jpg)
Toxic Salmon?
Why salmon is (not) the unhealthiest food
![migration](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/julie-ricard-MX0erXb3Mms-unsplash-300x200.jpg)
Language of migration
How the choice of words can affect the reception of the article
![green party Baerbock Die Grünen fake quotes](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/question-mark-ge19eced0e_1920-300x165.jpg)
Fake quotes by the German minister of foreign affairs
Fake quotes of Annalena Baerbock (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) shared and re-posted on social media
![airly pollution](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ella-ivanescu-JbfhNrpQ_dw-unsplash-300x187.jpg)
Lies about air quality measurements by Airly
A politician is trying to undermine the credibility of air quality measurements by Airly
![aging lifestyle](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/eduardo-barrios-P5c4cgJgg3g-unsplash-300x200.jpg)
Overestimation links lifestyle to aging
Overestimating the impact a healthy lifestyle can have on the ageing process
![missing context](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/photo-1562923928-6078542d1ad1-200x300.webp)
Missing context
Framing a Christian man as a victim of LGBTQ+ rights
![foreigners vs. us](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/lukas-lehotsky-f-Mftp0i-rU-unsplash-200x300.jpg)
![diamond cut elections](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/7980735961_fe853fa6a9_k-300x200.jpg)
Diamond cut elections
Antisemitic twist on conspiracy about why are liberal politicians wining in western Europe
![energy crisis](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/photo-1663609476830-8c247515c1db-300x225.webp)
The Energy Crisis
Households will be allowed to use a maximum of two appliances simultaneously
![candy peanut butter](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/perfect-snacks-BIr8oHp-4ZI-unsplash-225x300.jpg)
Candy ingredients safety
Falsely claiming a product is dangerous
![](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/photo-1485617359743-4dc5d2e53c89-300x225.webp)
Marginalization of Climate Change
Playing down climate crisis and the negation of science
![](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/52002504958_a950de31a7_k-300x200.jpg)
![](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/regularguy-eth-o-MyHqEEHoM-unsplash-300x200.jpg)
Anti-terrorist Inflation
Proclamation of Russia as a terrorist state as the cause for the high inflation in Lithuania and Estonia
![](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/vUbm-300x192.png)
Watermelon Lies
Fear-mongering to gather advertisement clicks
![](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/4674322591_d6b7bb07e9_b-1-300x217.jpg)
The Queen dead on The Simpsons
Were the Simpsons right once again?
![sexist](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/skin_and_bones-300x200.jpg)
![misinterpreted parallels](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/david-von-diemar-jM6Y2nhsAtk-unsplash-200x300.jpg)
Misinterpreted parallels
An alleged similar event is compared to a case of racially motivated violence without sufficient proof
![lockdown](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Lockdown-related-manipulation-300x200.jpg)
Lockdown-related manipulation
Lockdown shown as an arbitrary decision of the government
![refugees manipulation](https://debatenotargue.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Alleged-aggressive-refugees-300x200.jpg)
Alleged aggressive refugees
Openly fake recording about refugees presented as relevant and convincing